This report contributes first-time hard evidence about the impact of gender discrimination on the resilience of economies and societies. Here, resilience is understood as “the capacity to withstand or recover quickly from shocks”. The analysis shows the extent to which the gaps that women endure in relation to wages, non-paid work, the glass ceiling, and violence, among others, weaken countries.The report proposes an encompassing framework to identify key determinants and mechanisms shaping gender-based discrimination. It then takes this framework to existing data and identifies some of the many challenges that women are confronted with, assesses the magnitude of the different facets that this problem takes, and highlights how they relate to societal dynamics, economic performance and resilience to shocks.....