Violencia de género
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PublicationDiagnóstico sobre la situación de violencia de género hacia las mujeres y el embarazo adolescente en escuelas de la Provincia de Cangallo, Ayacucho( 2020)Oficina de la UNESCO en LimaEl presente diagnóstico, elaborado a través de un acuerdo de colaboración entre la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)4 y el Programa Horizontes de UNESCO5, tuvo como objetivo comprender e identificar la violencia de género hacia las mujeres y el embarazo adolescente en cuatro escuelas de la provincia de Cangallo, departamento de Ayacucho6. A través del análisis de las escuelas ubicadas en los distritos de Chuschi, Los Morochuchos, Cangallo y Maria Parado de Bellido, se propuso comprender la mirada y vivencia que tienen los diferentes actores sobre estos problemas, los factores que inciden en la prevalencia de la violencia de género entre el estudiantado de estas escuelas, así como las razones que explican el embarazo adolescente. Asimismo, se propone un conjunto de recomendaciones para atender a estos problemas y también algunos elementos para el debate y reflexión de las políticas educativas sobre estas temáticas...
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PublicationInformar sobre la violencia contra las mujeres y las niñas manual para periodistas( 2021)Impe, Anne-MarieEn todo el mundo, casi una de cada tres mujeres (el 30%) ha sufrido de violencia física o de agresión sexual en algún momento de su vida por parte de su pareja y el 7 % ha sufrido de agresión sexual por parte de otra persona1. El 38% de todos los asesinatos de las mujeres son perpetrados por sus actuales parejas o por las exparejas2. Al menos 200 millones de las mujeres y niñas que están vivas en la actualidad han soportado la mutilación genital femenina (MGF) en 30 países3. Más de 126 millones de niñas están «desaparecidas» en el mundo debido a la selección sexual prenatal4. El 99% de las víctimas de trabajos forzados en la industria del sexo son mujeres y niñas5. El 84% de los matrimonios forzados y el 96% de los matrimonios precoces involucran a mujeres y niñas....
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PublicationLegal and normative frameworks for combatting online violence against women journalists( 2022)UNESCOThe role of internet communications companies in online attacks against women journalists cannot be underestimated. They operate in an era of digital journalism, networked disinformation, online conspiracy communities, and po-litical actors weaponising social media and misogyny as tools to attack women journalists. Their claim that they are simply operating as passive ‘platforms’ for third party use distracts from their role as vectors and enablers of gendered online violence. Firstly, they have an obligation to provide services that are safe to use, and to act against users who perpetrate online violence against others. Secondly, these companies should address their content recommendation al-gorithms, which are aimed at maximising user engagement and serve to esca-late abuse through the promotion of misogynistic content and groups engaged in online harassment and abuse (Spring, 2021). For many women journalists around the world, Facebook (along with the compa-ny’s other assets WhatsApp, Messenger and Instagram, which are now grouped under the new brand Meta), Twitter, YouTube and other services are essential tools for newsgathering, content distribution and audience engagement.1 But the necessity to work in these spaces has resulted in a double bind: women journalists are heavily reliant on the very same services which are most likely to expose them to online violence. This tension is a feature of news organi-sations’ dependent integration with big tech companies, a feature of what has been termed ‘platform capture’ (Posetti, Simon, and Shabbir, 2019), and it has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis, which has made journalists even more reliant upon these technologies. This development may help explain why many journalists, including those interviewed for this study, said they had experienced “much worse” online violence in the context of the pandemic (Posetti, Bell and Brown, 2020)...
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PublicationThe Chilling assessing big tech's response to online violence against women journalists( 2022)UNESCOThe role of internet communications companies in online attacks against women journalists cannot be underestimated. They operate in an era of digital journalism, networked disinformation, online conspiracy communities, and po-litical actors weaponising social media and misogyny as tools to attack women journalists. Their claim that they are simply operating as passive ‘platforms’ for third party use distracts from their role as vectors and enablers of gendered online violence. Firstly, they have an obligation to provide services that are safe to use, and to act against users who perpetrate online violence against others. Secondly, these companies should address their content recommendation al-gorithms, which are aimed at maximising user engagement and serve to esca-late abuse through the promotion of misogynistic content and groups engaged in online harassment and abuse (Spring, 2021). For many women journalists around the world, Facebook (along with the compa-ny’s other assets WhatsApp, Messenger and Instagram, which are now grouped under the new brand Meta), Twitter, YouTube and other services are essential tools for newsgathering, content distribution and audience engagement.1 But the necessity to work in these spaces has resulted in a double bind: women journalists are heavily reliant on the very same services which are most likely to expose them to online violence. This tension is a feature of news organi-sations’ dependent integration with big tech companies, a feature of what has been termed ‘platform capture’ (Posetti, Simon, and Shabbir, 2019), and it has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis, which has made journalists even more reliant upon these technologies. This development may help explain why many journalists, including those interviewed for this study, said they had experienced “much worse” online violence in the context of the pandemic (Posetti, Bell and Brown, 2020)....
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PublicationThe Chilling global trends in online violence against women journalists; research discussion paper( 2021)UNESCOThere is nothing virtual about online violence. It has become the new frontline in journalism safety - and women journalists sit at the epicentre of risk. Networked misogyny and gaslighting intersect with racism, religious bigotry, homophobia and other forms of discrimination to threaten women journalists - severely and disproportionately. Threats of sexual violence and murder are frequent and sometimes extended to their families. This phenomenon is also bound up with the rise of viral disinformation, digital conspiracy networks and political polarisation. The psychological, physical, professional, and digital safety and security impacts associated with this escalating freedom of expression and gender equality crisis are overlapping, converging and frequently inseparable. They are also increasingly spilling offline, sometimes with devastating consequences.Here, we present an edited extract from a major interdisciplinary study produced by the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) under commission from UNESCO. The book-length study will be published by UNESCO in mid-2021.The research underpinning this paper consists of: a global survey of 901 journalists2 from 125 countries conducted in five languages3; long-form interviews4 with 173 international journalists, editors, and experts in the fields of freedom of expression, human rights law, and digital safety; two big data case studies assessing over 2.5 million posts on Facebook and Twitter directed at two prominent women journalists (Maria Ressa in the Philippines and Carole Cadwalladr in the UK) undertaken to validate the self-reporting of our interviewees and survey respondents with objective data; 15 detailed country case studies5; and a literature review covering hundreds of scholarly and civil society research publications. A team of 24 international researchers6 from 16 countries contributed to the study....
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PublicationThe Chilling recomendaciones de acción en respuesta a la violencia en línea contra las mujeres periodistas; incluye un marco de evaluación de la respuesta a la violencia en línea( 2022)UNESCOSe proponen las siguientes recomendaciones basadas en investigaciones, para su consideración por parte de los principales encargados de responder a la violencia en línea contra las mujeres periodistas a nivel global. Han sido extraídas del estudio global “The Chilling - A global study of online violence against women journalists”, publicado por el ICFJ con el apoyo de la UNESCO. “The Chilling” fue editado por Julie Posetti y Nabeelah Shabbir, con la colaboración de un equipo de 25 investigadores internacionales.
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PublicationThe Chilling what more can news organisations do to combat gendered online violence?( 2022)UNESCOGiven the gravity of online violence targeting women journalists demonstrat-ed by the ongoing UNESCO-ICFJ study The Chilling,1 and in the face of new threats such as viral disinformation, far-right social networks, and digital con-spiracy communities, it is essential to assess news organisations’ responses. Research underpinning this chapter indicates that many newsroom reactions to gender-based online violence appear to have been non-existent, ad hoc, or inadequate. At times, they have even damaged the women journalists targeted. Large global news organisations sometimes identified as “best practice” exemplars by expert responders interviewed for this study were neverthe-less criticised by the journalists interviewed in the course of the research with regard to their responses to the crisis. They were accused of failing to fully understand the gendered nature of the attacks, appreciate the se-rious psychological impacts, adapt to emerging and increasingly sophis-ticated threats, and provide effective and holistic support that recognises intersectional risks and hybrid security threats. A number of outlets were also criticised for insensitive and counterproductive victim-blaming and/or speech-restrictive behaviours....
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PublicationViolencia en línea contra las mujeres periodistas instantánea mundial de la incidencia y las repercusiones( 2021)UNESCOEn este informe se presenta una instantánea de las primeras conclusiones sustanciales de una encuesta mundial sobre la violencia en línea1 contra las mujeres periodistas realizada por la UNESCO y el Centro Internacional para Periodistas (ICFJ) a finales de 2020. Más de 900 participantes validados de 125 países completaron la encuesta en los idiomas árabe, inglés, francés, portugués y español. Las conclusiones que aquí se comparten reflejan la aportación de las 714 encuestadas que se identificaron como mujeres.
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PublicationYour opinion doesn’t matter, anyway": exposing technology-facilitated gender-based violence in an era of generative AI( 2023)UJNESCOSHORT SUMMARYGenerative Artificial Intelligence (AI) – deep-learning models that create voice, text, and image – are revolutionizing the way people access information and produce, receive and interact with content. While technological innovations like ChatGPT, DALL-E and Bard offer previously unimaginable gains in productivity, they also present concerns for the overall protection and promotion of human rights and for the safety of women and girls. The arrival of generative AI introduces new, unexplored questions: what are the companies’ policies and normative cultures that perpetuate technology-facilitated gender-based violence and harms? How do AI-based technologies facilitate gender-specific harassment and hate speech? What “prompt hacks” can lead to gendered disinformation, hate speech, harassment, and attacks? What measures can companies, governments, civil society organisations and independent researchers take to anticipate and mitigate these risks?